External Stylesheets. The CSS you have been using so far has been placed in the HEAD section of your. HTML code. A better place to put all your CSS, however, is in an external file. It has just one Class set up. If you have your CSS in an external file, then it's often convenient to display an image that's used frequently across the site (such as a header image) as a. I work with Aptana HTML editor. I have jquery v1.8.2 js file saved locally in at least 3 places in my computer, including jre/lib folder and. When writing HTML you've probably noticed that it has a clear nested and visual hierarchy. CSS, on the other hand, doesn't. Sass will let you nest your CSS. 6.1 SVG's styling properties; 6.2 Usage scenarios for styling; 6.3 Alternative ways to specify styling properties; 6.4 Specifying properties using. Pseudo Class for the hover style. Underlines are switched off when the mouse. The main thing to notice here is that we don't need any opening and closing. STYLE tags: you just type your selectors and curly brackets. Click File > Save in Notepad to save your work. When the dialogue. HTML folder and create a new folder called css. In the File Name box, type styles. Make. sure that Save as type read All Files, if you're using Windows. Add the following in the HEAD section: < LINK REL = Stylesheet TYPE =. The other three attributes are these: REL=TYPE=HREF=The REL stands for relationship, meaning the relationship between this about. REL can take many other. Stylesheet is commonly used. The TYPE refers to something called a MIME type. For stylesheets, you need. Sass is an extension of CSS that adds power and elegance to the basic language. It allows you to use variables, nested rules, mixins, inline imports, and more, all. Sections of CSS can be included and excluded on the basis of. Home; Beginners Computing; Word 2007 to 2013; Word 2000 to 2003; Excel 2007 to 2013; Excel to 2003; Excel VBA Programming for Beginners > Web Design<. Take a look at the included index.html file for a preview of all icons included in the set. You are free to use the icons in the way that makes most sense to. 1 Introducing Thymeleaf 1.1 What is Thymeleaf? Thymeleaf is a Java library. It is an XML/XHTML/HTML5 template engine able to apply a set of transformations to. I’m struggling with static fbml at the moment–maybe you can help? I’ve been able to display images & links just fine, but I have a little html/css page I’d. This is the path to your CSS file. It is used. in exactly the same way as for hyperlinks. Note the path for us: HREF =. The location of the stylesheet is one folder. Move your. mouse over your hyperlink. If all went well then it should turn red, and the. Getting Started with Fonts and Typography. When you approach the topic of web typography for the first time, you can quickly become overwhelmed. If it doesn't, make sure your file referencing is. OK, and that you have your stylesheet in the right place. Placing all your CSS code in an external stylesheets is much better than placing. For example, if your H1 headings are all. ![]() ![]() CSS code in all the web pages. With an external stylesheet, you only. So if you can, always use. In the next section, you'll learn how to turn a HTML list into a navigation. CSS background- image? If you have your CSS in an external file, then it's often convenient to display an image that's used frequently across the site (such as a header image) as a background image, because then you have the flexibility to change the image later. For example, say you have the following HTML: < div id=. All you have to do is update the CSS: #header. It literally means Scalable Vector Graphics. Basically, what you work with in Adobe Illustrator. You can use SVG on the web pretty easily, but there is plenty you should know. Why use SVG at all? Small file sizes that compress well. Scales to any size without losing clarity (except very tiny)Looks great on retina displays. Design control like interactivity and filters. Getting some SVG to work with. Design something in Adobe Illustrator. Here's a Kiwi bird standing on an oval. Notice the artboard is cropped up right against the edges of the design. Canvas matters in SVG just like it would in PNG or JPG. You can save the file directly from Adobe Illustrator as an SVG file. As you save it, you'll get another dialog for SVG Options. I honestly don't know much about all this. There is a whole spec for SVG Profiles. I find SVG 1. 1 works fine. The interesting part here is that you can either press OK and save the file, or press . Both can be useful. Using SVG as an < img> If I save the SVG to a file, I can use it directly in an < img> tag.< img src=. You can change the size of it though just by selecting the img and changing its width or height, again like you could a PNG or JPG. Here's an example of that: Check out this Pen! Browser support. Using it this way has its own set of specific browser support. Essentially: it works everywhere except IE 8 and down and Android 2. If you'd like to use SVG, but also need to support these browsers that don't support using SVG in this way, you have options. I've covered different techniques in differentworkshops. I've done. One way is to test for support with Modernizr and swap out the src of the image: if (! Modernizr. svg) . We'll cover more fallback techniques as this article progresses. Using SVG as a background- image. Similarly easy to using SVG as an img, you can use it in CSS as a background- image.< a href=. We have to do that otherwise we'll just see a bit of the upper left of our much larger original SVG image. These numbers are aspect- ratio aware of the original size. But you could use a background- size keywords like contain if you want to make sure the image will fit and can't know the parent image will be of the exact right size. Browser support. Using SVG as background- image has its own special set of browser support, but it's essentially the same as using SVG as img. The only problem browsers are IE 8 and down and Android 2. Modernizr can help us here, and in a more efficient way than using img. If we replace the background- image with a supported format, only one HTTP request will be made instead of two. Modernizr adds a class name of . SVG and multiple backgrounds have very similar browser support, so if the browser supports multiple backgrounds, it supports SVG, and the declaration will work (and override any previous declaration). In other words, it has the same advantages as using a Data URI. It has the same disadvantages too. Like: < ? php echo file. Specifically because SVG sometimes is exported with < ? It has a DOCTYPE and generator notes and all that junk. SVG is already pretty small, but why not do all we can? Upload the old, download the new. In Kyle Foster's video, he even takes it the extra mile and removes line breaks after this optimization. If you're even more hardcore, here is a Node JS tool for doing it yourself. Now you can control with CSS! See how the SVG looks a lot like HTML? That's because they are both essentially XML (named tags with angle brackets with stuff inside). In our design, we have two elements that make up the design, an < ellipse> and an < path>. We can jump into the code and give them class names, just like any other HTML element can have.< svg ..>. This doesn't have to be CSS embedded in the SVG itself, it can be anywhere, even in our global stylesheet < link> ed up. Note that SVG elements have a special set of CSS properties that work on them. For instance, it's not background- color, it's fill. You can use normal stuff like : hover though. For instance blurring. Chuck a filter in your < svg> :< svg ..>. One way to handle fallbacks for this type of SVG is: < svg> .. But, if you want the CSS stuff to work, you can't use an external stylesheet or < style> on the document, you need to use a < style> element inside the SVG file itself.< svg ..>. SVG specific fancy CSS styling here */. This only works with < object> embedding of SVG files as far as I've tested. You'll need to put this in the SVG file above the opening < svg> tag. If you link up an SVG file that has that in it as an < img> or background- image, it won't barf, but it won't work (the SVG will still render though). Data URI's for SVGAnother way to use SVG's is to convert them into Data URI's. Data URI's might not save you actual file size, but can be more efficient because the data is right there. It doesn't require an additional network request. Mobilefish. com has an online conversion tool for that. Simply paste in the contents of your SVG file and fill out the form and it will display the results in a textarea for you to copy. Remember to remove line breaks in the data it gives you back. It looks like pure gibberish: You can use that anywhere we've talked about so far (except inline < svg> because that just doesn't make sense) Just put the gibberish where it says . In fact in the case of SVG, it's probably better NOT to use base. Primarily because the native format of SVG is much more repetitive than base. But if you absolutely have to support the native browser, this. Linking Style Sheets to HTMLThere are many ways to link style sheets to HTML, each carrying its own advantages and disadvantages. New HTML elements and attributes have been introduced to allow easy incorporation of style sheets into HTML documents. An external style sheet may be linked to an HTML document through HTML's LINK element: The < LINK> tag is placed in the document HEAD. The optional TYPE attribute is used to specify a media type- -text/css for a Cascading Style Sheet- -allowing browsers to ignore style sheet types that they do not support. Configuring the server to send text/css as the Content- type for CSS files is also a good idea. External style sheets should not contain any HTML tags like < HEAD> or < STYLE>. The style sheet should consist merely of style rules or statements. A file consisting solely of. P . Navigator 4. x also ignores style sheets declared with MEDIA=all. The REL attribute is used to define the relationship between the linked file and the HTML document. REL=Style. Sheet specifies a persistent or preferred style while REL=. A persistent style is one that is always applied when style sheets are enabled. The absence of the TITLE attribute, as in the first < LINK> tag in the example, defines a persistent style. A preferred style is one that is automatically applied, such as in the second < LINK> tag in the example. Authors cannot specify more than one preferred style. An alternate style is indicated by REL=. The third < LINK> tag in the example defines an alternate style, which the user could choose to replace the preferred style sheet. Note that current browsers generally lack the ability to choose alternate styles.< LINK REL=Style. Sheet HREF=. To combine multiple style sheets into a single style, one must use the same TITLE with each style sheet. An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to numerous pages. With an external style sheet, an author could change the look of an entire site by simply changing one file. As well, most browsers will cache an external style sheet, thus avoiding a delay in page presentation once the style sheet is cached. Microsoft Internet Explorer 3 for Windows 9. NT4 does not support BODYbackground images or colors from linked style sheets. Given this bug, authors may wish to provide another mechanism for including a background image or color, such as embedding or inlining the style, or by using the BACKGROUND attribute of the BODY element. A style sheet may be embedded in a document with the STYLE element: < STYLE TYPE=. The required TYPE attribute is used to specify a media type, as is its function with the LINK element. Similarly, the TITLE and MEDIA attributes may also be specified with STYLE. Very old browsers such as Netscape 2. STYLE element, would normally show its contents as if they were part of the BODY, thus making the style sheet visible to the user. To prevent this, the contents of the STYLE element may be contained within an SGML comment (< !- - comment - -> ), as in the preceding example. In XHTML, the comment tokens would be a real XML comment, and the style sheet would be hidden from browsers that treat the document as XML. An embedded style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. If the same style sheet is used in multiple documents, then an external style sheet would be more appropriate. A style sheet may be imported with CSS's @import statement. This statement may be used in a CSS file or inside the STYLE element: < STYLE TYPE=. Any rules specified in the style sheet itself override conflicting rules in the imported style sheets. For example, even if one of the imported style sheets contained DT . In the above example, if the style. STRONG elements be shown in red and the punk. STRONG elements be shown in yellow, then the latter rule would win out, and STRONG elements would be in yellow. Imported style sheets are useful for purposes of modularity. For example, a site may separate different style sheets by the selectors used. There may be a simple. BODY, P, H1, and H2. In addition, there may be an extra. CODE, BLOCKQUOTE, and DFN. A tables. css style sheet may be used to define rules for table elements. These three style sheets could be included in HTML documents, as needed, with the @import statement. The three style sheets could also be combined via the LINK element. Style may be inlined using the STYLE attribute. The STYLE attribute may be applied to any BODY element (including BODY itself) except for BASEFONT, PARAM, and SCRIPT. The attribute takes as its value any number of CSS declarations, where each declaration is separated by a semicolon. An example follows: < P STYLE=. To use inline style, one must declare a single style sheet language for the entire document using the Content- Style- Type HTTP header extension. With inlined CSS, an author must send text/css as the Content- Style- Type HTTP header or include the following tag in the HEAD: < META HTTP- EQUIV=. As well, inlined styles implicitly apply to all media, since there is no mechanism for specifying the intended medium for an inlined style. This method should be used sparingly, such as when a style is to be applied on all media to a single occurrence of an element. If the style should be applied to a single element instance but only with certain media, use the ID attribute instead of the STYLE attribute. The CLASS attribute is used to specify the style class to which the element belongs. For example, the style sheet may have created the punk and warning classes. Using the example's style sheet, the warning class may only be applied to the P element. A good practice is to name classes according to their function rather than their appearance. The warning class in the previous example could have been named red, but this name would become meaningless if the author decided to change the style of the class to a different color, or if the author wished to define an aural style for those using speech synthesizers. Classes can be a very effective method of applying different styles to structurally identical sections of an HTML document. For example, this page uses classes to give a different style to CSS code and HTML code. The ID attribute is used to define a unique style for an element. A CSS rule such as#wdg. The value must be an initial letter followed by letters, digits, or hyphens. The letters are restricted to A- Z and a- z. Note that HTML 4 allows periods in ID attribute values, but CSS1 does not allow periods in ID selectors. Also note that CSS1 allows the Unicode characters 1. Unicode characters as a numeric code, but HTML 4 does not allow these characters in an ID attribute value. The use of ID is appropriate when a style only needs to be applied once in any document. ID contrasts with the STYLE attribute in that the former allows medium- specific styles and can also be applied to multiple documents (though only once in each document). The SPAN element was introduced into HTML to allow authors to give style that could not be attached to a structural HTML element. SPAN may be used as a selector in a style sheet, and it also accepts the STYLE, CLASS, and ID attributes. SPAN is an inline element, so it may be used just as elements such as EM and STRONG in HTML. The important distinction is that while EM and STRONG carry structural meaning, SPAN has no such meaning. It exists purely to apply style, and so has no effect when the style sheet is disabled. Some examples of SPAN follow: < ! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC . Style may also be inlined, such as. SPAN STYLE=. DIV may contain paragraphs, headings, tables, and even other divisions. This makes DIV ideal for marking different classes of containers, such as a chapter, abstract, or note. For example: < DIV CLASS=note> < H1> Divisions< /H1> < P> The DIV element is defined in HTML 3. ALIGN. attribute is permitted in HTML 3. HTML 4. 0 adds the CLASS, STYLE.
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